IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL THROUGH TWITTER
By
Yudi Juniardi and Ria Utami
Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University
Abstract
Technologies are at the core of the transformations taking place in society throughout history: all past significant technological developments triggered important social change. This condition influences both students and teachers to use technology for learning process. However, the mastery of technology is still not balance for some students. Some students master well in operating high-technology media for learning process. On the other side, some students do not understand how to empower the technology for their learning process. Therefore, the researchers think that it is urgent to do the research about the relation between writing on Twitter and writing for English lesson. The researchers will try to focus on the students’ writing skill development through writing on Twitter. Based on the explanation above, the researchers decided to conduct the research entitled Improving Students’ Writing Skill through Twitter. There are two problem of this research : (1) How is writing on Twitter applied to improve students’ writing skill? (2)Does writing on Twitter significantly improve students’ writing skill? Therefore This study is conducted to discover: (1) The implementation of using Twitter for improving students’ writing skill; (2) The improvement of students’ writing skill through writing on Twitter. This research remarked that Twitter can be implemented as a media in teaching writing and it can improve students writing skills.Key word: Writing skill. Media, Technology, TwitterI. IntroductionMany schools in Indonesia use English as main language to deliver the material. Those schools adapt the system that is called as Sekolah Berbasis Internasional (SBI), or in English is known as International Based School. The system determines the standard for the students’ ability in English. The students must have basic ability in English before they enter the school. However, there are some cases where the students are found that they are still lack in one or some skills in English. Besides the ability of English, SBI schools emphasize on usage of technology in classroom. Both the teachers and the students must aware about technology, such as computer, internet, or other gadgets that support the learning activity. Olson (1994) believed that technologies are at the core of the transformations taking place in society throughout history: all past significant technological developments triggered important social change. This condition influences both students and teachers to use technology for learning process. However, the mastery of technology is still not balance for some students. Some students master well in operating high-technology media for learning process. On the other side, some students do not understand how to empower the technology for their learning process.As an example, the researchers ever found the similar case with the students of SMPN 1 Kota Serang. The students were very excited to use Twitter on their daily communication with their friends. They shared their idea about anything on Twitter very often. Sometimes they used English for tweet-ing. However, the researchers analyzed that some of their writing in English lesson homework or quiz was not too good. More than half of students in classroom had to get remedial for writing quiz. Therefore, the researchers thinks that it is urgent to do the research about the relation between writing on Twitter and writing for English lesson. The researchers will try to focus on the students’ writing skill development through writing on Twitter. Based on the explanation above, the researchers decided to conduct the research entitled Improving Students’ Writing Skill through Twitter.The researchers formulate the problem as follow: first, how is writing on Twitter applied to improve students’ writing skill? And last, does writing on Twitter significantly improve students’ writing skill?The method of the research is qualitative by applying classroom action research. This research was conducted on April 2nd until 10th 2013 in SMPN 1 Kota Serang, toward 27 students of grade 8A. This research was divided into two cycles, with twice treatments for each cycle. The purpose of this research was to find out the improvement of students’ writing through writing on Twitter. There were two questions that must be answered in this research, and the researchers used some data technique to discover the answer, they were conducting pretest, posttest, observation, and documentation.2. Literature reviewWritingAs one of the important skill in language learning, writing is considered as a hard skill to be mastered, since it is included as the productive skill. That assumption is supported by Myers (2005: 2) who said that writing is a way to produce language you do naturally when you speak. Writing is speaking to others on paper or on a computer screen and writing is also an action or process of discovering and organizing your ideas, putting them on a paper and reshaping and revising them. From that definition, it can be concluded that to master in writing, people need to master in other skills. Furthermore, it is explained that there are some processes to create good writing. Those considerations can be the reasons why mastering writing skill is very difficult. According to Peters quoted by Couture’s (1986: 169) writing is curiously solitary form of communication, addressed to an absent and often unknown reader. It can be remarked for the case of writing on Twitter, which the students usually share their idea to many people without knowing who will read their writing.TwitterAccording to Barush and Hershkovitz (2011: 3), the majority of Internet users seem to be using the Internet in a rather passive-like mode, as content consumers, while only a minority functions as contributors. A minority of the latter actually supplies content, ideas and opinions on a regular basis, in concurrence with the social aspects of the Web nowadays, stating that the Web is actually a creation of the people living and acting within its boundaries. Those conditions obviously happen on Twitter, where there are three kinds of account, they are personal, mass, and anonymous account. Personal account is only made for sharing individual information, such as someone’s daily activity, which people do not have special purpose when they write down the Tweet. Mass account is usually made for special purpose, such as advertising, gathering the members of certain community, or sharing the news. On the other side, anonymous account is made for sharing any random ideas, such as quotes, jokes, riddles, and etc. Personal accounts is counted as the majority users because they usually become a ‘consumer’ or known as follower of mass or anonymous account. While mass and anonymous accounts are counted as minority users because they tend to provide the information for the personal account than receive the information from any other accounts. Writing on TwitterWriting on Twitter can be considered as intensive writing, since it is just in form of a phrase or a sentence, and sometimes the writing does not always have a explicit meaning, even it can have multiple meanings which people cannot obviously predict.Leitch and Warren (2011) stated that as a mass communication channel, micro-blogs are not edited by reviewers or editors prior to publication. Unlike a full-fledged online diary or weblog, micro-blog entries are short and swift. Users could post micro blog entries through web browsers, web-based applications, mobile applications, or via emails and SMS text messages. It can be seen that Twitter is actually the same with diary or journal, which gives the users a freedom to express their idea. It can be predicted that there must be an exploration of topic when the language learning conducted on Twitter. However, there will be also a possibility of writing error when the students post their tweet. Casanave (1993) provides some useful advice for successful journal writing tasks. When selecting readings, professors should choose interesting topics to suit their students, they should have a purpose in mind, and they should also provide general journal writing guidelines. These should include the purpose of the writing, the minimum length (in words), how often journals have to be turned in, and the evaluation criteria. The opinion above can be related to the format of writing on Twitter, which Twitter is similar with journal and also has interesting way for writing, the topics are sometimes provided, which is called as hash tags, the length is limited to help the writer write the main idea compactly. There are many techniques that can be used to provide feedback. Aljaafreh and Lantolf (1994 in Larsen-Freeman, 2003) offer a scale, which goes from more explicit techniques to more implicit ones. At the implicit end of the continuum, students are asked to find their errors and correct them on their own The opinion above can be applied when the teacher conducts learning writing on Twitter where the teacher can give the feedback both explicit and implicit ones. The explicit technique can be such telling the students the wrong part of their writing, while the implicit ones can be such asking the other question indirectly or writing clarification statement indirectly.In addition, Aljaafreh and Lantolf (1994 in Larsen-Freeman, 2003) also suggested that professors should try to create a supportive learning atmosphere in the classroom, which will be conducive to learning. Students have different personalities and learning styles; therefore, professors have to get to know their students and provide feedback selectively. Based on suggestion above, learning on Twitter can support the supportive learning atmosphere and the teacher can also selectively providing the feedback, since Twitter is flexible and takes the students interest easily, so it will also create conducive situation.3. Result and Discussiona. Result of Post Test in Cycle OneThe researchers conducted the posttest through Twitter. The instruction was about writing an activity plan or schedule for next Sunday. The students were suggested to make their writing as detail and long as possible. The researchers assessed students’ grammar and content aspect on their writing. In this test, the highest score was 80 while the lowest one was 60. Since the minimum standard score was 80, so there were only four students passed the posttest. The students’ scores in this test were dominated by 70 with the mean score was 71.22. Table 1.The Score Improvement in Post Test of Cycle One
Mean
Scores
|
Pre-Test
|
Post Test
(Cycle One)
|
Gain
|
Percentage of Improvement
|
62.59
|
71.22
|
8.63
|
13.79%
|
Mean
Scores
|
Pre-Test
|
Post Test
(Cycle One)
|
Gain
|
62.59
|
71.22
|
8.63
| |
Mean
Scores
|
Post Test
(Cycle One)
|
Post Test
(Cycle two)
|
Gain
|
71.22
|
81.85
|
10.63
| |
Mean
Scores
|
Pre Test
|
Post Test
(Cycle One)
|
Post Test
(Cycle two)
|
62.59
|
71.22
|
81.85
|
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